      1  1.                                                                                     2.                                                                           3.              ①  ②                                ③  ④      ⑤               ⑥  ⑦      ⑧  4.               ①    ②      ③    ④    ⑤    ⑥   ⑦     ⑧      5.         ①  +      +      +     ②  +      +      +     ③  +      +      +     ④  +      +      +     ⑤  +        +      +     ⑥  +      +      +           ①  +      +      +     ② +      +      +     ③  +      +      +     ④  +      +      +     ⑤  +      +      +     ⑥  +      +      +     6.    ①                           ②                                     